Why do cats knead?

Cat kneading is a distinctive and rhythmic motion that cats regularly perform with their paws (the expression stems from mimicking the process of kneading dough). They will push their paws in and out, again and again, usually against a soft surface. It's a deeply ingrained action that starts from kittenhood and continues throughout a cat's life.

At its core, cats kneading will represent an emotional state or desire, blending instinct, comfort-seeking, and communication, providing a window into their wellbeing.

While we don’t know exactly why cats knead, we can have a pretty good guess. It is thought that cats exhibit kneading for various reasons, each deeply rooted in their instincts and emotional responses. They might be expressing contentment, preparing their sleeping area, marking their territory with scent glands in their paws, showing affection to their human companions, or even reverting to kitten-like behaviour associated with nursing and a self-soothing mechanism.

It’s a truly fascinating action with a slew of possible meanings. Let's explore some of the key reasons why cats knead.

When cats knead and purr simultaneously, you shouldn’t worry. It’s likely a sign of sheer contentment and relaxation, meaning you are providing them with a wonderfully happy, comfortable home. The combination is a throwback, of sorts, to their days as kittens, when kneading their mother’s belly stimulated milk flow. As adults, this action, accompanied by a soft, soothing purr, signifies they are in a state of blissful comfort, feeling safe and loved in their environment.

If you see your cat knead the bed you have made for them, we can trace the action back to their wild ancestors who would repeatedly knead to soften leaves, grass, or other natural bedding materials around them to create a comfortable sleeping area. For domestic cats, this instinctual behaviour persists, and kneading their bed or a favourite sleeping spot helps create a cosy and secure space for rest.

Similarly, when cats knead a blanket, it creates a comfortable environment. Blankets provide a soft, pliable surface that responds well to kneading, offering sensory feedback that is pleasing to cats. The behaviour can also be a way for cats to "claim" a blanket as their own, as the scent glands in their paws leave a subtle but distinct mark on the blanket.

Cats won’t tell you they love you. At least, not in so many words. Instead, when cats knead you, this might be the most affectionate behaviour they can display. It’s a sign of trust and love. A show of their bond with their human. Something akin to a human hug. This is another behaviour that can also be a throwback to kittenhood, symbolising the comfort and security they felt with their mother.

While kneading is a normal and adorable behaviour in cats, there are times when it could indicate, or even lead to issues.

Below are some scenarios you need to be aware of where kneading might be a problem to ensure your cat's and your household's well-being.

If your cat's kneading seems excessive or is accompanied by other signs of distress (like excessive meowing, restlessness, or changes in eating habits), it could be a sign of anxiety or stress. In such cases, try to identify and address the underlying cause or speak with your veterinarian.

When cats push with their paws and claws out, it can lead to unintentional scratches on human skin or damage to furniture and fabrics. Keeping your cat’s nails trimmed or providing a designated kneading blanket can help minimise these issues.

Cats might knead on areas where this behaviour is unwelcome, like on delicate fabrics or on your lap when working. Redirect this behaviour to a more appropriate spot, like a cat bed or a sturdy blanket.